Do Women Experience More Occupation Stress Than Men

Running Head: Stress Management Do working women experience more occupational stress than men or just more occupational stressors? [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] Executive Summary Examines the sources of stress affiliated with male and female retail managers, a part identified as being hectic and where women are more likely than in other occupational parts to be managers. Self-completed questionnaires were circulated to males and females at various grades of retail management. The outcome verified the two study hypotheses: male and female managers described alike job stresses, in specific from â€Å"work overload†, â€Å"time pressures and deadlines†, â€Å"staff shortages and turnover rates† and â€Å"long employed hours†.†¦show more content†¦(2) feminine retail managers will report added stresses in relation to their occupations than their male counterparts. Literature Review Women, work and stress Much of the preceding study analyzing sex differences and degrees of job tension has demonstrated that numerous of the pressures females bear can be inextricably connected to the traditional roles ascribed to males and females. organising, supervising and controlling persons are components found to significantly affect male managers (Davidson and Cooper, 1983) and contemplate their senior place in the occupational hierarchy while need of influence (Brass, 1985), need of power and assets, and need of engagement and participation (Terborg, 1985) are stresses described by females and demonstrate their relative place vis-à  -vis male managers in the occupational hierarchy. preceding study has shown that female managers bear from role conflict and role ambiguity (Terborg, 1985), which brings with it force felt from tokenism (Rosen, 1982; Davidson and Cooper, 1983; Offermann and Armitage, 1993) isolation (Nelson and Quick, 1985; Davidson and Cooper, 1985) and not feeling completely accept ed by their gazes (Kanter, 1977). The lack of feminine function forms (Davidson and Cooper, 1983, 1985; Terborg, 1985), the need to prove themselves (Davidson and Cooper, 1983) or to emulate the male function (Clark et al., 1996) are supplemented pressures discovered to be associated with feminine managers, and can be attributed toShow MoreRelatedEssay on Stress and Gender Differences1710 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction: Stress is a phenomenon that is experienced worldwide. It â€Å"has become a pervasive experience in the daily lives of Canadians† (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 90) with three out of four Canadians claiming to feel stress either frequently or sometimes (McShane Steen, 2009, p. 90). There are many coping strategies available to personnel but stress levels remain high. Although both genders encounter workplace stress, the method in which it is handled as well as the how the stress itself is perceivedRead MoreSexual Harassment Is A Common Form Of Discrimination Against Women898 Words   |  4 Pages Sexual harassment discourages women in the workforce and some employers take advantage of that discouragement for their benefit. Finn claims that physical appearance and clothing are a common form of discrimination against women (n.pag.). Finn argues how an employer will hire an attractive woman simply because she would increase the business’s revenue than another qualified me diocre woman (n.pag.). Women obtain jobs based on their exterior appearance rather than their intellectual capability ofRead MoreThe Effects Of Stress On Our Lives1381 Words   |  6 Pageswish to do. Unfortunately stress is part of life. I do not recall having met a person that has not had to deal with some sort of stress in their life. According to author Barbara R. 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Describe other factors that may be important in explaining wages differences for clerical staff. One of the most common factors in that exist for differences in wages is that of gender. In general, men earn more than women for the same work, especially working mothers who are often viewed as less committed to theirRead MoreMale Dominated Fields Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesShould women working in male-dominated fields continue to work longer hours regardless of possible health risks? In today’s society everybody has to work to survive in the world; however, with work comes disadvantages. Over the years there has been an increase in women working in male-dominated fields such as engineering. Any job can cause stress to an individual, however women in male-dominated fields may experience more stress factors than men do because of the challenges they face. Looking throughRead More The Contribution of Feminists to the Sociology of the Family1194 Words   |  5 Pagesof the woman is functional when she plays a necessary ‘expressive’ role, providing care and affection for members in a more subordinate role than that of the breadwinner husband. HOUSEWORK/POWER RELATIONS One of the functionalists, Wilmott and Young, (1973), claimed that 72% of the married men in their sample help their wife in some other way than washing, even though they do fail to specify what this help is. They believe that the family is symmetrical and both husband and wife have joint conjugalRead MoreWomen s Social Issues And Concerns1292 Words   |  6 PagesWomen living in poverty during the early adulthood stage face a lot of obstacles when trying to establish a career identity. Women during the ages of 24-34 years old are influenced by work and interpersonal relationships. Poverty is the root of almost all America’s social issues and concerns. It is prominent to the factors of education, social development, and the economic well beings as adults. Poverty contributes to the inequalities of race, language, culture and place in the United States. Read MoreSocial Class Ladder As A Means Of Stratification Essay1451 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior but it allows for making people unequal. (Henslin 2014. Page 288) For men, life is a form of competition, they are pitted against one another. They are expected to hide compassion, and avoid looking weak, afraid, or vulnerable. (Henslin 2014. Page 293) On the female side, the dominant male allows women to show more emotions than men. They can show greater compassion, fear, and weakness. This model also dictates that women meet the flip side of a masculine dominance, making the real woman submissive

The Use of Hedonistic, Playful Youth Based Photography in...

A single word can group together all (or at least a large majority) of todays youth, that word is Hedonist. Hedonist (noun): a person whose life is devoted to the pursuit of pleasure and self- gratification. In a world where young people are only living for themselves, the corporations and brands are booming. Having expensive clothes, the newest phone and an overpriced cocktail in your hand on a weeknight has never been so important. This is the essence of youth, going to parties to show off your brand new purchases, buying a whole new wardrobe for your one week holiday to Ibiza. Major fashion brands have caught on to this and youth culture has began to feature heavily in campaigns. Well respected Fashion Photographer Elaine Constantine†¦show more content†¦If you buy these things, you could live like these people; theyre selling an idea just as much as they are trying to sell the garments in said campaigns. Another photographer whos work particularly focuses on youth culture is Danielle Levitt, a New York based photographer whos work reflects American youth culture. She has shot for brands like Penguin and Diesel as well as having a very full portfolio of youth culture based photography that has been featured in magazines like Hero and Rollacoaster. Her work for Penguin is quite similar to Elaine Constantine except maybe more commercial. All the shots are posed unlike Elaine Constantines whos tend to look more natural but the notion is the same, lots of very attractive people spending time together in bars or by the docks which is where this campaign is based; but her work for Diesel Reboot is worlds apart. Images of different types of subcultures in their bedrooms were something very fresh and interesting in the way of youth culture; it showed a completely genuine account of how young adults/teenagers live their lives and its a huge contrast to other brands campaigns trying to appeal t o youth audiences. Taking both of these photographers work into account and looking

Riverside Nursing Care v Honourable Bronwyn †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Riverside Nursing Care v Honourable Bronwyn. Answer: Introduction: The case is belong to Riverside Nursing Care v Honourable Bronwyn Bishop [2000] FCA 1147 (16 August 2000) and based on the Aged Care Act 1977 and Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977. Both the Acts are prevailed in the provinces of Victoria, Australia. It has been observed that the Nursing care authority made a review appeal against the decision of the Secretary that has been passed on 5 March 2000. In this case, the learned Judges have observed an important code of Administrative law. They have nurtured the scope and application of natural justice. The grounds and rules regarding the review against the order of the Secretary have also been pointed out. Significance: The case is significant, as through this case, it has become easy to understand the application of the judicial review and its role in the natural justice. Various sections of the Administrative Decisions (Judicial Review) Act 1977 have been included in this case and the Nursing authority has made the review appeal under section 5 of the Act[1]. The important notification made by the court on section 5 is that if a person made an application under this section for review, the operation of the alleged order will not affected or it does not restrict the implementation of the decision until the court has ordered anything. It has been stated that the review will be accepted only if the claimant can prove that the decision will cause irreparable damage to the party. In this process, the court has taken the case of Annetts v McCann [1990] HCA 57 as a reference. Contribution: The contribution of this decision on theAdministrative Law has created a great impact. Through this case, it was cleared that the judicial review made against the decision of any statutory authority does not affect its operation[2]. It is the claimant, who has to establish that the rights, interest and the legitimate expectation of him will be affected by this decision. The inner meaning of section 67 of the Act has also been cleared in this process. It has been stated under the section that the principle of Audi Alterem Partem can be excluded if the secretary deem fit that the action of the party can injure the health and safety issue of care recipients[3]. It has also been pointed out by the court that the common duty of any legislation is to act fairly and for the sake of justice. It does not matter whether it is belongs to any particular provinces or nationwide. The court held that section 65 of the Act allows the applicant an option to request the statutory authority (in this case the Secretary) to reconsider the decision and he should have to write a notice regarding the same within 90 days of such decision. However, the claimant has not made it in this case[4]. Aged Care Act: Section 85 of the Aged Care Act has been applied in this case and it has been held that the object of the Act is to provide fairness and justice in the lights of legislative intention. It has been observed by the court that the decision of the Secretary, not in any way will cause injustice to the Riverside Nursing Authority and therefore, the review appeal has been cancelled. References: Clark, Shannon J., Rhian M. Parker, and Rachel Davey. "Nurse practitioners in aged care: Documentary analysis of successful project proposals."Qualitative health research24.11 (2014): 1592-1602. Jordao, Eduardo Ferreira, and Susan Rose-Ackerman. "Judicial review of executive policymaking in advanced democracies: beyond rights review." (2014). Leyland, Peter, and Gordon Anthony.Textbook on administrative law. Oxford University Press, 2016. McMorrow, Stacey, Genevieve M. Kenney, and Dana Goin. "Determinants of receipt of recommended preventive services: implications for the Affordable Care Act."American journal of public health104.12 (2014): 2392-2399.

Wal-Marts Global Expansions free essay sample

There it established a competitive advantage based upon a combination of efficient merchandising, buying power, and human relations policies. Among other things, Wal-Mart was a leader in the implementation of information systems to track product sales and inventory, developed one of the most efficient distribution systems in the world, and was one of the first companies to promote widespread stock ownership among employees. These practices led to high productivity that enabled Wal-Mart to drive down its operating costs, which it passed on to consumers in the form of everyday low prices, a strategy that enabled the company to gain market share first in general merchandising, where it now dominates, and later in food retailing, where it is taking market share from established supermarkets. By 1990, however, Wal-Mart realized that its opportunities for growth in the United States were becoming more limited. Management calculated that by the early 2000s, domestic growth opportunities would be constrained due to market saturation. So the company decided to expand globally. Initially, the critics scoffed. Wal-Mart, they said, was too American a company. While its retailing practices were well suited to America, they would not work in other countries where infrastructure was different, consumer tastes and preferences vary, and where established retailers already dominated. Unperturbed, in 1991 Wal-Mart started to expand internationally with the opening of its first stores in Mexico. The Mexican operation was established as a joint venture with Cifera, the largest local retailer. Initially, Wal-Mart made a number of missteps that seemed to prove the critics right. Wal-Mart had problems replicating its efficient distribution system in Mexico. Poor infrastructure, crowded roads, and a lack of leverage with local suppliers, many of which could not or would not deliver directly to Wal-Marts stores or distribution centers, resulted in stocking problems and raised costs and prices. Initially, prices at Wal-Mart in Mexico were some 20 percent above prices for comparable products in the companys U. S. stores, which limited WalMarts ability to gain market share. There were lso problems with merchandise selection. Many of the stores in Mexico carried items that were popular in the United States. These included ice skates, riding lawn mowers, leaf blowers, and fishing tackle. Not surprisingly, these items did not sell well in Mexico, so managers would slash prices to move inventory, only to find that the companys automated information systems would immediately order more inventory to replenish the depleted stock. By the mid-1990s, however, Wal-Mart had learned from its early mistakes and adapted its Mexican operations to match the local environment. A partnership with a Mexican trucking company dramatically improved the distribution system, while more careful stocking practices meant that the Mexican stores sold merchandise that appealed 1 more to local tastes and preferences. As Wal-Marts presence grew, many of Wal-Marts suppliers built factories near its Mexican distribution centers so that they could better serve the company, which helped to further drive down inventory and logistics costs. Today, Mexico is a leading light in Wal-Marts international operations. In 1998, WalMart acquired a controlling interest in Cifera. By 2005, Wal-Mart was more than twice the size of its nearest rival in Mexico with some 700 stores and revenues of $12. 5 billion. The Mexican experience proved to Wal-Mart that it could compete outside of the United States. It has subsequently expanded into thirteen other countries. Wal-Mart entered Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, and South Korea, by acquiring existing retailers and then transferring its information systems, logistics, and management expertise. In other nations Wal-Mart established its own stores. As a result of these moves, by mid-2006 the company had over 2,700 stores outside the United States, employed some 500,000 associates, and generated international revenues of more than $62 billion. In addition to greater growth, expanding internationally has bought Wal-Mart two other major benefits. First, Wal-Mart has also been able to reap significant economies of scale from its global buying power. Many of Wal-Marts key suppliers have long been international companies; for example, GE (appliances), Unilever (food products), and Procter Gamble (personal care products) are all major WalMart suppliers that have long had heir own global operations. By building international reach, Wal-Mart has used its enhanced size to demand deeper discounts from the local operations of its global suppliers, increasing the companys ability to lower prices to consumers, gain market share, and ultimately earn greater profits. Second, Wal-Mart has found that it is benefiting from the flow of ideas acro ss the 14 countries in which it now competes. For example, a two-level store in New York State came about because of the success of -multilevel stores in South Korea. Other ideas, such as wine departments in its stores in Argentina, have now been integrated into layouts worldwide. Wal-Mart realized that if it didnt expand internationally, other global retailers would beat it to the punch. Wal-Mart faces significant global competition from Carrefour of France, Ahold of Holland, and Tesco from the United Kingdom. Carrefour, the worlds second largest retailer, is perhaps the most global of the lot. The pioneer of the hypermarket concept now operates in 26 countries and generates more than 50 percent of its sales outside France. Compared to this, Wal-Mart is a laggard with less than 20 percent of its sales in 2006 generated from international operations. However, there is room for significant global expansion. The global retailing market is still very fragmented. The top 25 retailers controlled less than 20 percent of worldwide retail sales in 2006, although forecasts suggest the figure could reach 40 percent by 2010, with Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Eastern Europe being the main battlegrounds. Source: Hill, Charles W. International Business, 7th edition. McGraw-Hill, 2009. 2 Questions: 1. ) 2. ) How does expanding internationally benefit Wal-Mart? What are the risks that Wal-Mart faces when entering other retail markets? How can these risks be mitigated? Why do you think that Wal-Mart first entered Mexico via a joint venture? Why did it purchase its Mexican joint venture partner in 1998? What strategy is Wal-Mart pursuing – a global strategy, localization strategy, international strategy, or transnational strategy? Does this strategic choice make sense?

Conrad Hilton Understanding the Hotelier his Contributions to the Hospitality Industry

Scholars and practitioners are in agreement that the modern hotel and hospitality industry would not have attained its present status had it not been for the dedicated and passionate contribution of a number of its founders, one of them going by the name of Conrad Hilton.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Conrad Hilton: Understanding the Hotelier his Contributions to the Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, Conrad is perceived by many renowned hoteliers of modern times as the â€Å"founding father† of today’s hospitality industry (Lockyer xiii). This paper aims to provide a deep insight into the man who has led the hospitality industry from the front, particularly in relation to his background, company, history, accomplishments, and contributions to the hospitality industry. Born in 1887 to a Norwegian migrant father and a German-American mother, Conrad Nicholson Hil ton rose from humble backgrounds to build perhaps the best known hotel brand, both in the U.S. and globally. As observed by family members and business associates, not only did Conrad Hilton project a strong belief in the American dream, but derived his philosophy and might â€Å"†¦from his faith in God, his belief in the brotherhood of man, his patriotic confidence in his country, and his conviction that natural law obligates all humankind to help relieve the suffering and distress of the destitute† (DeFranco 1). These principles, it is believed, assisted Conrad to establish the business empire that operated, and still operates, under the flagship company – Hilton Hotels Corporation. Although Conrad Hilton acquired his first hotel, the Cisco Mobley Hotel, in 1919, it was not until 1946 when Hilton Hotels Corporation was formed to take care of the expanding business. Even though the corporation made history in 1947 as the first hotel entity to list its stock on th e New York Stock Exchange, it was Conrad Hilton who shook the hotel and hospitality industry to the core when, in the same year, became the president and the largest stockholder of Hilton Hotels Corporation (Reference for Business para. 8). Additionally, it is the Hilton Hotels Corporation, under the able leadership and guidance of Conrad N. Hilton, which sealed the largest hotel merger in the industry when, in 1954, Hilton Hotels sealed a deal with Ellsworth Milton Statler for the purchase of Statler Hotel Company for $111 million (Reference for Business para. 10).Advertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In 1948, Hilton Hotels Corporation was again instrumental in the establishment of yet another company, the Hilton International Company, to take care of the expanding international hotel business. Today, the company owns, manages, and franchises in excess of 2000 hotels in the U.S. alone, not mentioning that it oversees the operations of Conrad Hotels, the company’s international arm (Reference for Business para. 1). To write or rewrite the history of Conrad Hilton may, in itself, be self-defeating due to the great influence that Hilton had on the hospitality industry, and which has led hotel commentators to argue that each day was history for this great man (Lockyer 9). However, it is imperative to note that Conrad Hilton, who lived from 1887 to 1979, left an indelible mark in the hotel and hospitality industry. The hotel mogul, who had earlier wanted to become a banker, bought his first hotel in 1919 in Texas to cash in on the influx of fatigued oil-seekers and railroad travelers (DeFranco 2). The hotel performed exceedingly well that, in 1925, Conrad Hilton was able to construct the first hotel bearing the ‘Hilton’ name in Dallas. In 1946, the Hilton Hotels Corporation was formed to manage the rapidly expanding chain of hotels, and in 19 47, the corporation became the first company ever to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange (Reference for Business para. 29). In 1949, Conrad Hilton bought the lease on the exclusive New York’s Waldorf-Astoria, and in 1953, Conrad, through Hilton International, decided to taste international waters by opening the first European Hilton in Madrid (Lockyer 11). Hilton International, the company charged with the responsibility of managing Hilton’s international hotels, was transformed into a public company in 1964,and in 1970, the same corporation sought to diversify its business operations by purchasing two casino hotels in Las Vegas. As already mentioned, Conrad Hilton died in 1979, but not without demonstrating to practitioners in the hotel industry that he was a force to reckon with. In terms of accomplishments, it is important to note that Conrad Hilton is still regarded as one of the founding fathers of today’s hospitality industry, not mentioning that his company, Hilton Hotels Corporation, was the first hotel company to list its stock on the New York Stock Exchange. Having started with only one hotel in 1919, Conrad Hilton was by 1953 sampling the international hotel scene, an accomplishment that the feint hearted can only dream to achieve. In 1954, Conrad Hilton was at the center of the largest hotel merger in the industry when Hilton Hotels Corporation bought the Statler Hotel Company for a staggering $111 million (Reference for Business para 10).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Conrad Hilton: Understanding the Hotelier his Contributions to the Hospitality Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The merger, in my view, must have been one of the greatest accomplishments for Conrad Hilton. Lastly, although Conrad is long dead, he still touches and improves the lives of the disadvantaged and the destitute through his own personal initiative – t he Conrad N. Hilton Foundation, which not only assist the homeless and people suffering from HIV, alcoholism, and drug abuse, but also assist numerous non-governmental organizations to sustain and expand the impact of their work (Conrad N. Hilton Foundation para. 1). Lastly, it is indeed true that Conrad Hilton has impacted the hotel industry in a positive yet disarming manner. It is obvious that Conrad’s management style, philosophy and values are variants that can be imitated or adopted by practitioners in the hotel industry to achieve success. Conrad had the capacity to buy underperforming hotels and convert them into cash-flowing assets, not mentioning that he is credited for developing innovative joint-venture arrangements that were later adopted by hotel owners as the standard industry practice (Lockyer 12). These and other contributions demonstrate that Conrad was indeed a man that stood above the rest. Works Cited Conrad N. Hilton Foundation. (n.d.). Retrieved from ht tps://www.hiltonfoundation.org/ DeFranco. Finance and the Hospitality Industry. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://media.wiley.com/product_data/excerpt/82/EHEP0005/EHEP000582.pdf Lockyer, Timothy L.G. The International Hotel Industry: Sustainable Management. Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press, Inc. 2007. Reference for Business. Hilton Hotels Corporation – Company Profile, Information, Business Description, History, Background Information on Hilton Hotels Corporation. 2011. Retrieved from https://www.referenceforbusiness.com/history2/76/Hilton-Hotels-Corporation.htmlAdvertising Looking for research paper on biography? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper on Conrad Hilton: Understanding the Hotelier his Contributions to the Hospitality Industry was written and submitted by user Jaylen Ochoa to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

17 Proofreading Techniques for Business Communication

17 Proofreading Techniques for Business Communication Finally. Your document is just about complete. It’s been written, reviewed, compiled, and re-reviewed. With the final edits in place, it’s now ready to be proofread. Proofreading can seem like a simple task in business communication. However, the attention to detail and intense focus it requires means that proofreading is as challenging as it is important. However, there are many tactics you can use to ensure this task is completed well and effectively. This article highlights our top strategies. Why is Proofreading Important? Proofreading can help you improve the readability and quality of your documents. It is important to ensure that your writing is error free and professional. What is Proofreading? Proofreading includes reviewing for grammar, correct use of language, and format. It’s the final touches needed to ensure a business document is correct, consistent, and professional. When Do I Proofread? Proofreading is often confounded with editing. Editing involves revisions of the document, often with major changes, to ensure alignment with goals, accuracy of information, or modification of tone. Only once those major edits are complete can the document move to the proofreading stage. Proofreading ensures the final content is free of linguistic and formatting errors. 17 Proofreading Techniques: The following list presents the strategies we recommend for better proofreading. These methods strengthen your proofreading process and knowledge. 1. Step Away, Then Focus Whenever possible, step away from the document before proofreading. This is crucial when you are the document’s author. You are too close to the content, making it difficult to have a clear, objective eye on the text. We recommend taking a 24-hour break from the content before proofreading for maximum effectiveness. 2. Print a Hard Copy Proof of Your Document Many editors find it easier to proofread with a physical document. Printing the document makes it easier to read and allows you to proofread in more places. 3. Read Aloud Good proofreading is done slowly. Simply reading it normally allows your brain to fill in gaps and fix errors in your mind and skip them on the page. Reading aloud ensures that each word and punctuation mark is verified. It also highlights awkward sentences because it will sound more awkward out loud than on the page. Conveniently, there are online programs that will help with this task. Use your computer’s text-to-voice function to have your document read to you. Having your computer read to you will help catch typos that you may skip over as you know the original intent of the sentence. 4. Align With Company Style Standards Most companies have style standards for external documents. Ensure you have these guidelines close at hand while proofreading. These guidelines may range from font choice to preferred spellings to margin size and more. These details ensure consistency across an organization. 5. Remove Excess Words Business writing is concise and direct. Excess words, like adjectives or adverbs, can detract from the message. Being careful not to overstep into editing, review the text for superfluous words that do not add value to the text. In addition, accidental excess or repeat words are erroneous and can be missed prior to proofing. 6. Explain or Remove Jargon Specialized terminology or acronyms should be used sparingly, if at all, in business writing. When used appropriately for the reader, they still must be explained. Generally, the first mention of an acronym is spelled out completely with the acronym followed in brackets. An unfamiliar technical term should be explained in the text before being referenced. Terms that are difficult for the reader should be removed and replaced with more accessible wording. 7. Check Sentence Structure A proper sentence must have a subject, a verb, and express a complete thought. Simple, right? Yet, sentence fragments and run-on sentences can sneak into an otherwise great text. Review each sentence for proper structure and punctuation. 8. Review Flow and Sequencing One pass of the document must be a high-level review. This overview checks the organization of the document to ensure it has proper flow and sequencing. Check for formatting consistency, order, and numbering of images, tables, and appendices, and the general presentation. 9. Use Software Technology is your friend when it comes to proofreading. Microsoft’s Spelling and Grammar tool and Grammarly’s online editor are two handy tools to catch spelling, grammatical errors, and some syntax errors that your spellcheck may miss. Use these tools as a first scan. They will catch detectable errors. However, word choice and homonyms are often only found by the human eye. You can check out our list of the top tools for tone, editing, and grammar (among others business writing needs!) on our blog. 10. Hire an Editor or Ask Colleagues/Friends If you’re way, way too close to your document, proofing it yourself may not be a good idea. In this case, seek a truly objective opinion and review. Hiring an editor to complete the proofreading phase can be a valuable investment. Alternatively, asking a friend or colleague to proof your text can provide a fresh perspective. 11. Take a Course Proofreading is a skill that is learned, honed, and improved. Like many other writing aptitudes, proofing can be developed through education. Taking a course on proofing will help you master the process. We offer a Proofreading Course with Grammar Review that hones the skills required to effectively proofread in a business environment. Avoid Common Mistakes These tactics will help you catch the trickiest business communication errors. 12. Check Homonyms When a word sounds right, the quick reader can mistake it for being correct. Homonyms are a painful but important item to check. Including accept where except is intended can be embarrassing or even disastrous in business communication. Ensure the word choice is the correct one. 13. Check Apostrophes Apostrophes are often placed incorrectly. Apostrophes are almost never used for plurals, but somehow they often appear as such. While mixing up companies with company’s may not be disastrous, it is confusing and unprofessional. 14. Fact Check Employees, colleagues, and clients rely on business communications for information and decisions. Therefore, they need to be accurate. Whether it is the client name spelling, the sales division location, or the policy sheet, each detail must be correct. Fact checking these details will ensure the document is valuable and useful. 15. Verify Numbers, Times, and Dates Numerical information is often the most critical and the easiest to mistype. Each number must be verified. A misplaced decimal or zero in a budget line can be a grievous error. Times should be checked that they are correct, including the time zone. Dates must be correct to the day of the month and the week. Triple checking the numbers is not an over-the-top habit. 16. Verify Names Writing a staff’s, colleague’s, or client’s name incorrectly or completely wrong is simply disrespectful. It can lead to confusion, but more importantly, it shows poor attention to detail to the most important people: the reader or subject of the business communication. 17.Test Hyperlinks and Phone Numbers Website and phone numbers are very handy. However, they become very frustrating or ignored if they are incorrect. In the proofreading process, click on each hyperlink, type in each web address, and dial each phone number included in the document to ensure they will correctly direct the reader. Fool-Proof These seventeen strategies will improve your proofreading skills. Carve out the time to properly review and implement each of these strategies and your business communication will be accurate, valuable, and professional.

United States Vs. India Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

United States Vs. India - Essay Example The rate of unemployment according to the CIA Factbook was 9.5% in 2009 and 9.1% in 2008 in India. When compared to the USA, the unemployment rate is very similar for the year 2009 as the country had 9.4% unemployment but in 2008, the rate was 5.8%. The rise in unemployment in the recent years in US has been caused by the economic conditions and the sub-prime crisis. General Motors filed for bankruptcy in 2009 and many other companies which employed a large proportion of the population also closed down. Many companies made lay-offs to reduce costs as their products were not being sold in the market. Many economists say that the unemployment that the US faces is seasonal and will improve with time. The inflation rate in the US for consumer prices was -0.7% in 2009 and 3.8% in 2008 (CIA, 2010). In contrast, India had an inflation rate of 9.8% in 2009 and 8.3% in 2008 (CIA, 2010). The rate of inflation is very high in India as compared to the USA which was negative for the last year. This high inflation rate in India accounts for the high demand of products in the country and the low rate in US accounts for the low demand and higher production in the economy. The US is the largest hub of technology in the world with per capita GDP of US$ 46,900 where as the Indian economy has per capita GDP of US$ 3,100 as of 2009 (CIA, 2010). Both these countries derive most of the GDP from the services sector and have economic liberalization policies. India has become a well known exporter of software products and has an edge of low labor cost. Although more than half of the labor force is self-employed in the agricultural industry in India, but the sector only accounts for 17% of the net income of the country. The US only derives 1.2% of its total revenue from agricultural sector and 71 % of the revenue from the services sector (CIA, 2010). USA has been struck hard by the worldwide economic downturn and the country itself